// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Blackjack
// Plays a simple version of the casino game of blackjack; for 1 - 7 players
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Card
{
   public:
      enum rank {ACE = 1, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT, 
                 NINE, TEN, JACK, QUEEN, KING};           
      enum suit {CLUBS, DIAMONDS, HEARTS, SPADES};

      //overloading << operator so can send Card object to standard output 
      friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Card& aCard);

      Card(rank r = ACE, suit s = SPADES, bool ifu = true); 

      //returns the value of a card, 1 - 11
      int GetValue() const;

      //flips a card; if face up, becomes face down and vice versa
      void Flip();

   private:
      rank m_Rank;
      suit m_Suit;
      bool m_IsFaceUp;
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Card::Card(rank r, suit s, bool ifu):  m_Rank(r), m_Suit(s), m_IsFaceUp(ifu)
{
   // nothing more to do
} 

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
int Card::GetValue() const
{
   //if a cards is face down, its value is 0
   int value = 0;
   if (m_IsFaceUp)
   {
      //value is number showing on card
      value = m_Rank;
      //value is 10 for face cards
      if (value > 10)
      {
         value = 10;
      }
   }
   return value;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Card::Flip()
{
   m_IsFaceUp = !(m_IsFaceUp);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Hand
{
   public:
      Hand();

      virtual ~Hand();

      //adds a card to the hand
      void Add(Card* pCard);

      //clears hand of all cards
      void Clear();

      //gets hand total value, intelligently treats aces as 1 or 11
      int GetTotal() const;

   protected:
      vector<Card*> m_Cards;
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hand::Hand()
{
   m_Cards.reserve(7);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hand::~Hand()  
{
   Clear();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Hand::Add(Card* pCard)
{
   m_Cards.push_back(pCard);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Hand::Clear()
{
   //iterate through vector, freeing all memory on the heap
   vector<Card*>::iterator iter = m_Cards.begin();
   for (iter = m_Cards.begin(); iter != m_Cards.end(); ++iter)
   {
      delete *iter;
      *iter = 0;
   }
   //clear vector of pointers
   m_Cards.clear();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
int Hand::GetTotal() const
{
   //if no cards in hand, return 0
   if (m_Cards.empty())
   {
      return 0;
   }

   //if a first card has value of 0, then card is face down; return 0
   if (m_Cards[0]->GetValue() == 0)
   {
      return 0;
   }

   //add up card values, treat each Ace as 1
   int total = 0;
   vector<Card*>::const_iterator iter;
   for (iter = m_Cards.begin(); iter != m_Cards.end(); ++iter)
   {
      total += (*iter)->GetValue();
   }

   //determine if hand contains an Ace
   bool containsAce = false;
   for (iter = m_Cards.begin(); iter != m_Cards.end(); ++iter)
   {
      if ((*iter)->GetValue() == Card::ACE)
      {
         containsAce = true;
      }
   }

   //if hand contains Ace and total is low enough, treat Ace as 11
   if (containsAce && total <= 11)
   {
      //add only 10 since we've already added 1 for the Ace
      total += 10;   
   }

   return total;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class GenericPlayer : public Hand
{
   friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer);

   public:
      GenericPlayer(const string& name = "");

      virtual ~GenericPlayer();

      //indicates whether or not generic player wants to keep hitting
      virtual bool IsHitting() const = 0;

      //returns whether generic player has busted - has a total greater than 21
      bool IsBusted() const;

      //announces that the generic player busts
      void Bust() const;

   protected:
      string m_Name;
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
GenericPlayer::GenericPlayer(const string& name): m_Name(name)
{
   // nothing more to do
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
GenericPlayer::~GenericPlayer()  
{
   // nothing to be done, do need this function though
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool GenericPlayer::IsBusted() const
{ 
   return (GetTotal() > 21);
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void GenericPlayer::Bust() const
{
   cout << m_Name << " busts.\n";
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Player : public GenericPlayer
{
   public:
      Player(const string& name = "");

      virtual ~Player();

      //returns whether or not the player wants another hit       
      virtual bool IsHitting() const;

      //announces that the player wins
      void Win() const;

      //announces that the player loses
      void Lose() const;

      //announces that the player pushes
      void Push() const;
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Player::Player(const string& name): GenericPlayer(name)
{
   // nothing more to do
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Player::~Player()
{
   // nothing required, but function is needed
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool Player::IsHitting() const
{
   cout << m_Name << ", do you want a hit? (Y/N): ";
   char response;
   cin >> response;
   return (response == 'y' || response == 'Y');
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Player::Win() const
{
   cout << m_Name <<  " wins.\n";
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Player::Lose() const
{
   cout << m_Name <<  " loses.\n";
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Player::Push() const
{
   cout << m_Name <<  " pushes.\n";
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class House : public GenericPlayer
{
   public:
      House(const string& name = "House");

      virtual ~House();

      //indicates whether house is hitting - will always hit on 16 or less
      virtual bool IsHitting() const;

      //flips over first card
      void FlipFirstCard();
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
House::House(const string& name): GenericPlayer(name)
{
   // nothing more to do
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
House::~House()
{
   // no memory to free
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool House::IsHitting() const
{
   return (GetTotal() <= 16);
}   

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void House::FlipFirstCard()
{
   if (!(m_Cards.empty()))
   {
      m_Cards[0]->Flip();
   }
   else
   {
      cout << "No card to flip!\n";
   }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Deck : public Hand
{
   public:
      Deck();

      virtual ~Deck();

      //create a standard deck of 52 cards
      void Populate();

      //shuffle cards
      void Shuffle();

      //deal one card to a hand
      void Deal(Hand& aHand);

      //give additional cards to a generic player 
      void AdditionalCards(GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer);
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deck::Deck()
{ 
   m_Cards.reserve(52);
   Populate();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deck::~Deck()
{
   // no memory to free
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Deck::Populate()
{
   Clear();
   //create standard deck
   for (int s = Card::CLUBS; s <= Card::SPADES; ++s)
   {
      for (int r = Card::ACE; r <= Card::KING; ++r)
      {
         Add(new Card(static_cast<Card::rank>(r),
            static_cast<Card::suit>(s)));
      }
   }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Deck::Shuffle()
{
   random_shuffle(m_Cards.begin(), m_Cards.end());
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Deck::Deal(Hand& aHand)
{
   if (!m_Cards.empty())
   {
      aHand.Add(m_Cards.back());
      m_Cards.pop_back();
   }
   else
   {
      cout << "Out of cards. Unable to deal.";
   }
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Deck::AdditionalCards(GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer)
{
   cout << endl;
   //continue to deal a card as long as generic player isn't busted and
   //wants another hit
   while ( !(aGenericPlayer.IsBusted()) && aGenericPlayer.IsHitting() )
   {
      Deal(aGenericPlayer);
      cout << aGenericPlayer << endl;

      if (aGenericPlayer.IsBusted())
      {
         aGenericPlayer.Bust();
      }
   }
} 

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Game
{
   public:
      Game(const vector<string>& names);

      ~Game();

      //plays the game of blackjack    
      void Play();

   private:
      Deck m_Deck;
      House m_House;
      vector<Player> m_Players;  
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Game::Game(const vector<string>& names)
{
   //create a vector of players from a vector of names       
   vector<string>::const_iterator pName;
   for (pName = names.begin(); pName != names.end(); ++pName)
   {
      m_Players.push_back(Player(*pName));
   }

   //seed the random number generator
   srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(0)));    
   m_Deck.Populate();
   m_Deck.Shuffle();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Game::~Game()
{
   // nothing needed
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Game::Play()
{         
   //deal initial 2 cards to everyone
   vector<Player>::iterator pPlayer;
   for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
   {
      for (pPlayer = m_Players.begin(); pPlayer != m_Players.end(); ++pPlayer) 
      {
         m_Deck.Deal(*pPlayer);
      }
      m_Deck.Deal(m_House);
   }

   //hide house's first card
   m_House.FlipFirstCard();    

   //display everyone's hand
   for (pPlayer = m_Players.begin(); pPlayer != m_Players.end(); ++pPlayer) 
   {
      cout << *pPlayer << endl;
   }
   cout << m_House << endl;

   //deal additional cards to players
   for (pPlayer = m_Players.begin(); pPlayer != m_Players.end(); ++pPlayer)
   {
      m_Deck.AdditionalCards(*pPlayer);    
   }

   //reveal house's first card
   m_House.FlipFirstCard();    
   cout << endl << m_House; 

   //deal additional cards to house
   m_Deck.AdditionalCards(m_House);

   if (m_House.IsBusted())
   {
      //everyone still playing wins
      for (pPlayer = m_Players.begin(); pPlayer != m_Players.end(); ++pPlayer) 
      {
         if ( !(pPlayer->IsBusted()) )
         {
            pPlayer->Win();
         }
      }
   }
   else
   {
      //compare each player still playing to house
      for (pPlayer = m_Players.begin(); pPlayer != m_Players.end();
         ++pPlayer)      
      {
         if ( !(pPlayer->IsBusted()) )
         {
            if (pPlayer->GetTotal() > m_House.GetTotal())
            {
               pPlayer->Win();
            }
            else if (pPlayer->GetTotal() < m_House.GetTotal())
            {
               pPlayer->Lose();
            }
            else
            {
               pPlayer->Push();
            }
         }
      } // end for
   } // end else

   //remove everyone's cards
   for (pPlayer = m_Players.begin(); pPlayer != m_Players.end(); ++pPlayer) 
   {
      pPlayer->Clear();
   }
   m_House.Clear();
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GLOBAL function prototypes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Card& aCard);
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer);


// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// main - it all begins here
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
   cout << "\t\tWelcome to Blackjack!\n\n";

   int numPlayers = 0;
   while (numPlayers < 1 || numPlayers > 7)
   {
      cout << "How many players? (1 - 7): ";
      cin >> numPlayers;
   }   

   vector<string> names;
   string name;
   for (int i = 0; i < numPlayers; ++i)
   {
      cout << "Enter player name: ";
      cin >> name;
      names.push_back(name);
   }
   cout << endl;

   //the game loop        
   Game aGame(names);
   char again = 'y';
   while (again != 'n' && again != 'N')
   {
      aGame.Play();
      cout << "\nDo you want to play again? (Y/N): ";
      cin >> again;
   } 

   return 0;
}



// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// GLOBAL functions follow
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//overloads << operator so Card object can be sent to cout
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Card& aCard)
{
   const string RANKS[] = {"0", "A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", 
      "10", "J", "Q", "K"};
   const string SUITS[] = {"c", "d", "h", "s"};

   if (aCard.m_IsFaceUp)
   {
      os << RANKS[aCard.m_Rank] << SUITS[aCard.m_Suit];
   }
   else
   {
      os << "XX";
   }

   return os;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//overloads << operator so a GenericPlayer object can be sent to cout
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const GenericPlayer& aGenericPlayer)
{
   os << aGenericPlayer.m_Name << ":\t";

   vector<Card*>::const_iterator pCard;
   if (!aGenericPlayer.m_Cards.empty())
   {
      for (pCard = aGenericPlayer.m_Cards.begin(); 
         pCard != aGenericPlayer.m_Cards.end(); 
         ++pCard)
      {
         os << *(*pCard) << "\t";
      }


      if (aGenericPlayer.GetTotal() != 0)
      {
         cout << "(" << aGenericPlayer.GetTotal() << ")";
      }
   }
   else
   {
      os << "<empty>";
   }

   return os;
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// file ends