Logarithms:

 

y = logax   is the same as saying   ay = x

 

loga(ax) = x

 

 

 

 

 

 

loga(1) = 0

 

loga(a) = 1

 

 

 

 

 

log(x) = log10(x)

 

ln(x) = loge(x)

 

 

 

loga(xy) = loga(x) + loga(y)

 

 

 

loga(x / y) = loga(x) - loga(y)

 

 

 

loga(xb) = b loga(x)